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Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of electrophysiological methods in the study of ureteral dynamics. The foundation of this method is based upon the fact that the dynamics of urine transfer from the renal pelvis to the bladder through the ureter can best be defined by measurement of the resulting electrical action potentials of ureteral smooth muscle during persistalsis. These potentials can be measured with microelectrodes to provide a quantitative indication of the rate of peristalsis, its speed and direction of transmission, and the distribution of a series of peristaltic waves when recorded over a period of time. When a sequence of peristaltic waves propagating along the ureter are recorded using the electrophysiological methodology, a series of spikes can be observed. These spike trains are carriers of information that may potentially indicate their cause, source, and mode of propagation. Examination of the histograms taken at varying increments of urine flow rate indicates that peristaltic waves are distributed in a definite multimodal form, which occurs at submultiples of some fundamental frequency. |
