Evidence for free-living Bacteroides in Cladophora along the shores of the Great Lakes
| Autor: | Kasia Przybyla-Kelly, Meredith B. Nevers, Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli, Richard L. Whitman, Dawn A. Shively, Ashley M. Spoljaric |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 72:117-126 |
| ISSN: | 1616-1564 0948-3055 |
| DOI: | 10.3354/ame01688 |
| Popis: | Bacteroides is assumed to be restricted to the alimentary canal of animals and humans and is considered to be non-viable in ambient environments. We hypothesized that Bac- teroides could persist and replicate within beach-stranded Cladophora glomerata mats in south- ern Lake Michigan, USA. Mean Bacteroides concentration (per GenBac3 Taqman quantitative PCR assay) during summer 2012 at Jeorse Park Beach was 5.2 log calibrator cell equivalents (CCE) g �1 dry weight (dw), ranging from 3.7 to 6.7. We monitored a single beach-stranded mat for 3 wk; bacterial concentrations increased by 1.6 log CCE g �1 dw and correlated significantly with ambient temperature (p = 0.003). Clonal growth was evident, as observed by >99% nucleotide sequence similarity among clones. In in vitro studies, Bacteroides concentrations increased by 5.5 log CCE g �1 after 7 d (27°C) in fresh Cladophora collected from rocks. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of 36 clones from the incubation experiment showed highly similar genotypes (≥97% sequence overlap). The closest enteric Bacteroides spp. from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were only 87 to 91% similar. Genomic similarity, clonality, growth, and persistence collectively suggest that putative, free-living Bacteroides inhabit Cladophora mats of southern Lake Michigan. These findings may have important biological, med- ical, regulatory, microbial source tracking, and public health implications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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