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Water is a vital resource needed globally for sustenance of life. However water pollution, which has become a global problem faced by both developing as well as the developed countries, has drastically reduced the amount of clean water available globally. As the demand for clean and portable keep rising, the possibility of access to it keeps reducing due to various human activities including industrial and agricultural processes. Water pollutants vary from pathogenic microorganisms to organic and inorganic substances and molecules that may be high toxic, and some nonbiodegradable causing great havoc to lives of plants and animals in the ecosystem. The need to bioremediate the available water resources is continually attracting research interest worldwide as life depends on the availability to clean water. Therefore various mechanisms to treat wastewater have been in used for decades, and such conventional methods include various physical, chemical, and biological processes such as filtration, microfiltration, and ultrafiltration, crystallization, sedimentation, coagulation, evaporation, distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, electrolysis, adsorption, which have many drawbacks. Therefore, it is of great significance and urgency to develop efficient and cost-effective methods to eliminate these pollutants from contaminated water. Nanotechnology provides a wide range of opportunities that could be channeled to achieve the provision of portable worldwide. This is made possible with availability of nanoparticles that have large surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus greatly increasing the reactivity of bulk materials. A lot of studies have been carried out on the applications of various nanomaterials for water treatments and this study is billed to bring to the fore the emerging importance of these nanomaterials in the treatment of wastewater for increased global clean water availability. |
