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Manerebia prattorum udima Pyrcz & Boyer, n. ssp. (Figs. 2, 7, 8, 11) Type locality. Peru, Cajamarca Department, 7 km S Hacienda Udima Diagnosis. The new subspecies differs from nominate M. prattorum in the paler, orange instead of reddishorange, and consistently wider HWD median band, whose outer edges are diffused and extend distally; it is also slightly larger than the nominate subspecies. Description. MALE (Figs. 2A, 11B): Head: eyes chocolate brown, naked, lustrous; labial palpi two times length of head, covered with black hair-like scales, longer ventrally, and some sparse yellow basal scales; antennae slender, 2/5 th length of costa, mostly naked, dorsally brown, ventrally chestnut, club formed gradually, ventrally sandy yellow. Thorax: black, mostly naked; legs covered with lustrous, brown and sandy yellow scales becoming dominant on tibiae and tarsi. Wings: FW length 15.5–17.5 mm, n=15, mean: 16.7 mm. FWD uniform lustrous dark brown. HWD lustrous dark brown, with long hair-like scales in basal part, crossed by an oblique, nearly straight, 3 mm wide, rich orange median band which is slightly wider in middle section and has a sharp inner and somewhat diffused distal edge, FWV dull, dark brown, slightly lighter distally, with a faint, irregular dark brown submarginal line. HWV dull dark brown, a shade lighter than forewing, with a dark brown cross-cell narrow band, a faint, sinuate dark brown submarginal line, and a pale yellow median band shaped as on dorsum. Abdomen: Dorsally and laterally covered with black, ventrally with grey brown scales. Genitalia (Fig. 7D): Uncus long, aligned with tegumen dorsum, with a blunt tip slightly curved downwards, gnathos short, one-third length of uncus, stout at base with a sharp tip; pedunculus prominent, stout, curved downwards; valva elongated with a prominent, blunt dorsal process in middle, and a narrow apical half, ending with four teeth pointing distally; saccus medium deep, narrow; aedeagus s-shaped, short, with a massive apical part. FEMALE (Figs. 2B, 11A): Sexual dimorphism is expressed in larger size of female (FW length: 18–19 mm, mean: 18.5 mm, n=4), and lighter ventral colour with prominent whitish and magenta distal suffusion. Genitalia (Fig. 8C): Anal papillae prominent, covered with long setae, with a strongly sclerotized basal plate, projecting basally and dorsally into short, sharp apophysis-like tips; membrane below papillae with a moderately sclerotized flange, postvaginal lamella moderately sclerotized and wide, produced into two prominent lateral, folded flaps; antevaginal lamella strongly sclerotized, arched, pocketlike; antrum strongly sclerotized; ductus bursae wide and short, opening gradually into a large, oval corpus bursae, with two parallel signa in dorsal position extending over two-thirds of bursa length. Molecular data: BI (Fig. 12) and ML (Fig. 13) trees, as well as species-delimitation methods (Figs. 14, 15), and genetic distances (Suplementary material 2) support the separate specific status of M. prattorum udima n. ssp. in relation to M. inderena clara, M. inderena ssp., and M. inderena antioquiana. Nevertheless, its phylogenetic position is not clear, because M. prattorum udima n. ssp. appears as sister species to M. inderena antioquiana in the BI analysis, and according to the ML method, it is the sister group to M. inderena clara and M. inderena ssp. Both analyses have a good branch support. The nominotypical subspecies of M. prattorum has not yet been barcoded. Etymology. This subspecies is named after the village of Hacienda Udima, situated just above the type locality. The name is treated as a feminine noun in apposition. Type material: Holotype ♂: Peru, Cajamarca, 7 km S Hacienda Udima, S06°50'25 W 70°06'14 2000 m, 14– 16.v.1982, G. Lamas & E. Pérez leg., MUSM; Paratypes (35 ♂ and 7 ♀): 15 ♂ and 4 ♀: Cajamarca, La Florida, vía Hacienda Udima, 1900–1950 m, 16.vi.2018, T. Pyrcz leg., CEPUJ; 19 ♂ and 3 ♀: Cajamarca, Bosque de Udima, la Florida, S 06°50'25 W 70°06'14, 2000 m 16.vi.2018, P. Boyer leg., PBF; 9 ♂ and 3 ♀: Cajamarca, La Florida, vía Hacienda Udima, 1900–1950 m, 16.vi.2018, leg. J. Farfán, MUSA; 2 ♂ and 1 ♀: Cajamarca, La Florida, vía Hacienda Udima, 1900–1950 m, 16.vi.2018, leg. J. Cerdeña, MUSA; 2 ♂: Cajamarca, 7 km S Hacienda Udima, 2000 m, 14–16.v.1982, G. Lamas & E. Pérez leg., MUSM. Remarks. We consider M. prattorum and M. inderena as specifically different, with the latter being most likely a complex of allopatric species, despite the fact that they cluster together on both the ML and Bayesian Inference trees, because of their highly different colour patterns, with that of M. prattorum in both the nominate and the new subspecies marked by a wide HWD orange band, which is extremely conspicuous when the butterfly is on the wing, and might play an important signaling role in mating. Also, the HWV median band of M. prattorum is two times as wide as in any subspecies of M. inderena. Finally, M. prattorum flies at lower elevations than M. inderena, occurring at some 1800–2000 m, whereas most subspecies of M. inderena occur at 2200–2600 m, and the nominate is found even as high as 2800 m. M. prattorum udima n. ssp. has been reported so far exclusively from the upper valley of the Río Zaña (Fig. 11). It is possible that it is actually endemic to that area, since it is found at approximately 2000 m above sea level and there are virtually no cloud forests northwards from the type locality on the western slopes of the Andes, as far as the area of Las Minas north of the La Porculla Pass, where the type locality of M. prattorum prattorum is situated. |
