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A Serra do Espinhaco Meridional (SdEM) tem sido intensamente pesquisada por arqueologos, produzindo um conhecimento significativo sobre a historia indigena regional. Entretanto, tambem e necessario conhecer as condicoes paleoclimaticas e o contexto ambiental em que essas ocupacoes ocorreram. Este trabalho pretende contribuir com pesquisas ja desenvolvidas pelo Laboratorio de Arqueologia e Estudo da Paisagem da UFVJM na Area Arqueologica de Serra Negra, na face leste da SdEM, entre as bacias dos rios Jequitinhonha e Doce. O objetivo deste trabalho e a reconstituicao paleoambiental desta regiao utilizando como indicadores os fitolitos, particulas de silica que se depositam no interior das celulas das plantas e que permitem inferir a vegetacao de onde se originaram. Em Felicio dos Santos, foram coletados sedimentos do Sitio Arqueologico Cabecas 4, que foi ocupado em uma faixa cronologica entre 7225 anos AP e 480 anos cal AP. Alem disso, coletou-se uma amostra em cada horizonte de um perfil de Organossolo proximo ao Sitio Arqueologico. Nas amostras do Sitio Arqueologico Cabecas 4 predominam fitolitos de gramineas e palmeiras. Estes resultados foram corroborados com os do perfil de solo, que se apresentam preservados e distribuidos de forma homogenea. As analises de fitolitos se mostraram promissoras para inferencias de variacoes climaticas e um maior conhecimento do ambiente em que se processou a ocupacao arqueologica regional. A B S T R A C T The Southern Espinhaco Mountain Range (SdEM) has been intensively studied by archaeologists, producing significant knowledge on the regional indigenous history. However, it is also necessary to know the paleoclimatic conditions and environmental context in which such occupations occurred. This work intends to contribute to research developed by the Archeology and Landscape Studies Laboratory of UFVJM in the Archaeological Area of Serra Negra, located on the eastern side of the SdEM, between the Jequitinhonha and Doce river basins. The objective of this work is paleoenvironmental reconstruction of this region using phytoliths, silica particles deposited inside plant cells, enabling inference of the vegetation from which they originated. Sediments were collected from the Cabecas 4 Archaeological Site, in Felicio dos Santos, which was occupied during a chronological period between 7225 and 480 years cal BP. In addition, a sample was collected from each horizon of an organosol profile near the Archaeological Site. Phytoliths from grasses and palm trees predominate in the samples from the Cabecas 4 Archaeological Site. These results were corroborated with the types found in the soil profile, which are preserved and homogeneously distributed in the profile. Therefore, the phytolith analyses were promising for inferences of climatic variations and for improving knowledge on the environment in which the regional archaeological occupation occurred. Keywords: archaeological site; organosol; climatic variations. |
