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Industrialization, infrastructure development, energy production, and their use are the engines of the economic growth of any country. These growth drivers permanently require the uninterrupted supply of energy and fuels. Currently, gasoline and its products are a primary source which is fulfilling the energy requirement. However, their excessive usage as an energy source is generating the greenhouse gasses (GHGs), which deteriorate the environment and eventually cause negative impact on the climate. Currently, more than 85% of the world’s total energy needs are being fulfilled by crude petroleum resources. Therefore, it is necessary to look out for alternative fuels that are renewable and cause a low impact on the environment. Because of environmental concerns, there is a strong push to implement renewable energy sources. Renewable fuels and energies can play a crucial role in lowering GHG emissions and thus keeping the environment clean and green, which eventually meets the sustainability goals. Cellulosic ethanol in the USA and Brazil, biodiesel and biogas in Brazil and some European countries, and solar energy in India have shown promising growth. The carbon emissions of renewable fuels are very low compared to crude petroleum. This chapter compares the current scenario of biofuel implementation in various countries. Particular emphasis is placed on the current status of biogas development and commercialization. The carbon footprints of various biofuels/energies are also discussed. |
