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Background:Malaria is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five (U5) years. This study assessed individual, household, and community risk factors for malaria in Nigerian children U5 years of age.Methods:Data from the Nigerian Malaria Health Indicator Survey 2015 were pooled for analyses. This comprised of national survey of 329 clusters. Children aged 6-59 months who were tested for malaria using microscopy were retained. Multilevel logit model accounting for sampling design was used to assess individual, household and community factors associated with malaria parasitaemia. Results:A total of 5742 children were assessed for malaria parasitaemia with overall prevalence of 27% (95% CI 26-28%). Plasmodium falciparum constituted 98% of the Plasmodium species. There was no significant difference in parasitaemia between older children, and those ≤12 months. In adjusted analyses, rural living, Northwest region, household size of >7, dependence on river and rain water as primary water source were associated with higher odds of parasitaemia; while higher wealth index, all U5s who slept under bed net and dependence on packaged water were associated with lower odds of parasitaemia.Conclusion:Despite sustained investment in malaria control and prevention, a quarter of the overall study population of U5s suffer from malaria. Across the six geopolitical zones, the highest burden was in children living in poorest rural households. |
