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Extremophilic microorganisms are equipped with enzymes able to catalyze various reactions under extreme conditions of temperature, salinity, pH, hydrostatic pressure, radiation, etc. The particular characteristics of these enzymes, also known as extremozymes, represent valuable assets for advanced industrial applications. Most recently, extremophiles were used for the “green” and cost-effective production of high-quality nanomaterials on a large scale. The eco-friendly production of metallic nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide using extremozymes, discussed here, represents an important breakthrough for various applications. Further benefits of extremozymes immobilized on a variety of nanomaterials, resulting in highly effective biohybrids including light-harvesting devices, biofuel cells, and biosensors, are also discussed. For biosensor development, the dual strategy for improving their stability and sensitivity is based on utilization of extremozymes as biocatalyst and of nanomaterials as high-loading support with role also in signal transduction. While a low assortment of such biosensors was developed so far, a largely unexploited applicative potential of combined use of extremozymes and nanomaterials in biosensing is anticipated due to their already demonstrated industrial benefits. |
