Human proximity and habitat fragmentation are key drivers of the rangewide bonobo distribution

Autor: Chie Hashimoto, Samantha Strindberg, Pascal Naky, Janet Nackoney, Jena R. Hickey, Bernard Ikembelo, Hiroyuki Takemoto, Aime Bonyenge, Innocent Liengola, Takeshi Furuichi, Valentin Omasombo, John Hart, Ashley Vosper, Nicolas Mwanza Ndunda, Fiona Maisels, Maurice Emetshu, Norbert Mbangia Mulavwa, Omari Ilambu, Albert Lotana Lokasola, Tetsuya Sakamaki, Robert Rose, Bila-Isia Inogwabini, Stephen Blake, Sally Coxe, Jef Dupain, Nathan P. Nibbelink, Joel Masselink, Pele Nkumu, Valentin Mbenzo, Patrick Guislain, Falk Grossmann, Alain Lushimba, Hjalmar S. Kühl
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biodiversity and Conservation. 22:3085-3104
ISSN: 1572-9710
0960-3115
Popis: Habitat loss and hunting threaten bonobos (Pan paniscus), Endangered (IUCN) great apes endemic to lowland rainforests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Conservation planning requires a current, data-driven, rangewide map of probable bonobo distribution and an understanding of key attributes of areas used by bonobos. We present a rangewide suitability model for bonobos based on a maximum entropy algorithm in which data associated with locations of bonobo nests helped predict suitable conditions across the species’ entire range. We systematically evaluated available biotic and abiotic factors, including a bonobo-specific forest fragmentation layer (forest edge density), and produced a final model revealing the importance of simple threat-based factors in a data poor environment. We confronted the issue of survey bias in presence-only models and devised a novel evaluation approach applicable to other taxa by comparing models built with data from geographically distinct sub-regions that had higher survey effort. The model’s classification accuracy was high (AUC = 0.82). Distance from agriculture and forest edge density best predicted bonobo occurrence with bonobo nests more likely to occur farther from agriculture and in areas of lower edge density. These results suggest that bonobos either avoid areas of higher human activity, fragmented forests, or both, and that humans reduce the effective habitat of bonobos. The model results contribute to an increased understanding of threats to bonobo populations, as well as help identify priority areas for future surveys and determine core bonobo protection areas.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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