A Simplified Analytical Procedure for Simultaneous Determination of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates and Brominated Flame Retardants in Fish Tissue Samples from Vaal River, South Africa

Autor:	Esper Jacobeth Ncube, Hein H. Du Preez, Jonathan O. Okonkwo, Reveck Hariram, Elmari Krȕger, Tlou B. Chokwe, Linda L. Sibali
Rok vydání:	2015
Předmět:	Pollutant Heptafluorobutyric anhydride Chromatography Alkylphenol biology Chemistry Extraction (chemistry) Contamination biology.organism_classification Labeo Psychiatry and Mental health Environmental chemistry Fish Carp
Zdroj:	American Journal of Analytical Chemistry. :422-428
ISSN:	2156-8278 2156-8251
DOI:	10.4236/ajac.2015.65041
Popis:	In this study, the concentration of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were determined in fish samples, Labeo umbratus and Carp, collected from the Vaal River in South Africa. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique was used to extract the organic contaminants from fish samples, and the resulting extract was purified by sulphuric acid lipid removal followed by Strata X-cartridge SPE clean-up. The APEs and BFRs were derivatized using heptafluorobutyric anhydride before analysis with GC-MS. In both types of fish samples, lower oligomers of APEs were more abundant than the higher oligomers, while HBCD, BDE99 and PBB101 were the dominant BFRs. The concentrations of these pollutants ranged from 1.061 ng/g lipids (t-BP) in Labeo umbratus to 11.860 ng/g lipids (HBCD) in Carp.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::5c609288d5498aab045ce6d413cbd9db https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2015.65041 Zobrazit plný text záznamu