| Popis: |
As part of objectives identified under Map Modernization and the newly established Risk Mapping, Assessment and Planning (Risk MAP) program, FEMA has committed to providing updated coastal flood hazard data for all populated areas of the nation's coast (FEMA, 2009). An updated assessment has been completed for Mississippi and studies are currently underway in all parts of the coastal US. These on-going studies have proved to be a significant test for FEMA's Guidelines & Specifications. This paper covers issues specifically dealing with the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Update (FEMA, 2007). Several unique challenges have been identified by FEMA and FEMA's mapping partners. While some have been easily addressed, there are some significant challenges posed by studies of this magnitude, cost and societal impact. This paper presents a variety of these challenges including: overland waves; wave interaction with muddy bottoms; coastal levees; and calibration issues. |
