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Dinitrogen-fixing microorganisms, living in symbiosis with host plants, play a major role in restoring nitrogen to agricultural and forest soils. While legumes are widely used in agriculture, actinorhizal or non-leguminous plants are the dominant nitrogen-fixing species in forest ecosystems. These woody plants include a variety of trees and shrubs which harbor the nitrogen-fixing endophyte in root nodules (1). Many actinorhizal plants fix atmospheric nitrogen at rates comparable to the legumes and consequently play an important role in replenishing nitrogen in forest soils (2, 3, 4, 5). |
