p-TSA Modified Montmorillonite Catalyst for Free Fatty Acid Reduction in Rubber Seed Oil
| Autor: | Yajnavalkya S. Bhat, D. K. Ramesha, M. C. Manjunatha |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
010302 applied physics
chemistry.chemical_classification Acid value Biodiesel Materials science Fatty acid 02 engineering and technology Transesterification Rubber seed oil 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology complex mixtures 01 natural sciences Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials Catalysis chemistry.chemical_compound Montmorillonite chemistry 0103 physical sciences Organic chemistry Methanol 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Silicon. 11:685-690 |
| ISSN: | 1876-9918 1876-990X |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s12633-018-9955-4 |
| Popis: | Rubber seed oil containing free fatty acid (FFA) to the extent of 2% is difficult to transesterify and does not undergo transformation at all for the free acid value beyond 3%. This oil requires a separate process to reduce the free fatty acid content, only after that it can be transesterified using catalysts like alkali metal hydroxides. However, rubber seed oil containing 17% free tatty acid (acid value 34) has been transesterified using a novel catalyst without reducing free fatty acid content. Various reaction parameters such as temperature, catalyst amount and molar ratio of oil to methanol on bio-diesel formation have been studied. Development of an eco-friendly method to produce the biodiesel from high FFA oils is significant. The transesterification method developed in the present study reduces the overall production cost of the biodiesel, as it uses low cost unrefined non-edible oils. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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