The roles of a Th2 cytokine and CC chemokine in children with stable asthma: Potential implication in eosinophil degranulation
| Autor: | Chang K. Kim, Zak Callaway, Hirohito Kita, Bo M. Shin, Hyo B. Kim, Young Yull Koh, Takao Fujisawa, Jungi Choi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Eotaxin
Eosinophil differentiation Eosinophil cationic protein business.industry Immunology Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin respiratory system Eosinophil respiratory tract diseases medicine.anatomical_structure immune system diseases Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health medicine Immunology and Allergy Eosinophil degranulation CCL13 business Interleukin 5 |
| Zdroj: | Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 21:e697-e704 |
| ISSN: | 1399-3038 0905-6157 |
| Popis: | Eosinophils play a central role in the inflammatory response associated with bronchial asthma (1). The recruitment of eosinophils into sites of airway inflammation is a complex process that potentially is regulated by various cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and by various chemokines, including eotaxin, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3) (2). Cooperation of the eosinophilic cytokines and chemokines seems to be necessary for eosinophil recruitment in the airways (3). The striking feature of the eosinophilic inflammatory reaction is the marked deposition of eosinophil degranulation products, such as eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil-cationic protein (ECP), and has been documented in asthma (4). However, the precise mechanisms of eosinophil degranulation in vivo are still poorly understood. An increase in Th2 cytokine production has been found in asthma. The cytokine IL-5, a key Th2 cytokine in eosinophil biology, is involved in eosinophil differentiation, maturation, and migration. IL-5 has been shown to be chemotactic for eosinophils in vitro (5). Indeed, an increase in IL-5 production in the airways has been found in acute exacerbation of asthma (6). However, the role of IL-5 in human asthma is not as strong as previously suspected and is currently being reevaluated. Flood-Page et al. (7) observed in an allergen-challenged asthma model that anti-IL-5 treatment produced a weak reduction in airway eosinophils and no change in the level of eosinophilic degranulation. The results from the allergen-challenged asthma model and acute asthma exacerbation do not necessarily reflect events in the natural course of asthma (high dose vs. low dose of allergen exposure). Furthermore, in pediatric asthma, the role of IL-5 in eosinophilic airway inflammation is not fully understood. Several CC chemokines, such as eotaxin, RANTES, and MCP-3, have been implicated in eosinophil recruitment and degranulation. Eotaxin seems specific for eosinophil chemoattraction (8); however, RANTES and MCP-3 are active on eosinophils as well as other leukocytes (2). CC chemokines bind to a CCR3 receptor, a chemokine receptor highly expressed on eosinophils, suggesting their key role in eosinophilic inflammation (9). The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of IL-5, the predominant eosinophil-active Th2 cytokine (10), and eotaxin, the most important eosinophil chemoattractive CC chemokine (5), in airways of children with stable asthma (SA). We also examined correlations of IL-5 and eotaxin with eosinophil indices (percentage eosinophils and EDN and ECP levels). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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