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A sled-mounted X-band FM-CW radar and field data reduction system was developed and field tested. An integral part of the measurement program was the use of a computer algorithm to pick peak radar amplitudes, which were needed to convert radar data into depths in the field. A set of field protocols, designed to collocate radar and hand-probe depth measurements, were used with the algorithm to locally calibrate the radar because, without local calibration, depths were unreliable. Mean snow depths determined using the calibrated radar agreed with mean depths determined by hand to within 3% but had a consistently larger variance because of radar measurement errors. An analysis of the errors indicates that they are random and can be removed by filtering using an Optimal (Wiener) filter, thereby producing both the same mean and variance in snow depth from the radar as that obtained by hand-probing. |
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