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This chapter focuses on the novelty of Ibn Khaldūn’s approach to history and, in particular, on the role played by the profound political and social instability of his time in stimulating the urgency of a general revision and restructuring of historical endeavours. Therefore, it addresses Ibn Khaldūn’s criticism of the Islamic approach of his time to history, and also examines the innovative methodology he proposed, as well as all the cognitive and moral requirements he showed were necessary premises for a rational and objective understanding of historical development, capable of grasping its “inner meaning.” In Ibn Khaldūn such a method, informed by a rigorous rationality, does not conflict with his profound and sincere Islamic faith, but virtuously combines with it thanks to a particular forma mentis called, in Arabic, ʽaql-naql, identifying the two different approaches as pertaining to the separate domains of the natural world, and metaphysics. |
