| Popis: |
Since the last decade improvements in high-throughput sequencing apparatuses and bioinformatic softwares has allowed for better quantitative analysis of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). While long neglected, the interest in ncRNAs by scientific communities is rising given that they represent 60% of total RNA. Their functions, which in some cases involve complex molecular mechanisms, are progressively being understood. Though one class of ncRNAs can act using different actions, most display the ability to control gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence. Therefore they constitute a major class of epigenetic regulators. Moreover, ncRNA expression profiles were demonstrated as valuable biomarkers in various human pathologies, and this has intensified the interest in ncRNAs by pharmaceutical industries and biotechnology companies. Thus the targeting of ncRNA species has become a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of human pathologies such as cancer. In this chapter we will provide an overview of the biogenesis and mode of action of the different classes of ncRNAs. Data concerning the modulation of ncRNA expression in human diseases will be presented, as well as their potential as biomarkers. Finally, our attention will be focused on the therapeutic strategies developed to target ncRNAs in human disorders. |
