Exposure to nanoscale particles and fibers during machining of hybrid advanced composites containing carbon nanotubes
| Autor: | Anastasios John Hart, Marilyn F. Hallock, Brian L. Wardle, Kwangseog Ahn, Dhimiter Bello, Namiko Yamamoto, Enrique J. Garcia, Roberto Guzman deVilloria, Michael J. Ellenbecker |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Particle number Composite number chemistry.chemical_element Nanoparticle Bioengineering General Chemistry Carbon nanotube Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics law.invention chemistry Abrasive machining law Modeling and Simulation Particle General Materials Science Fiber Composite material Carbon |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 11:231-249 |
| ISSN: | 1572-896X 1388-0764 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11051-008-9499-4 |
| Popis: | This study investigated airborne exposures to nanoscale particles and fibers generated during dry and wet abrasive machining of two three-phase advanced composite systems containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), micron-diameter continuous fibers (carbon or alumina), and thermoset polymer matrices. Exposures were evaluated with a suite of complementary instruments, including real-time particle number concentration and size distribution (0.005–20 μm), electron microscopy, and integrated sampling for fibers and respirable particulate at the source and breathing zone of the operator. Wet cutting, the usual procedure for such composites, did not produce exposures significantly different than background whereas dry cutting, without any emissions controls, provided a worst-case exposure and this article focuses here. Overall particle release levels, peaks in the size distribution of the particles, and surface area of released particles (including size distribution) were not significantly different for composites with and without CNTs. The majority of released particle surface area originated from the respirable (1–10 μm) fraction, whereas the nano fraction contributed ~10% of the surface area. CNTs, either individual or in bundles, were not observed in extensive electron microscopy of collected samples. The mean number concentration of peaks for dry cutting was composite dependent and varied over an order of magnitude with highest values for thicker laminates at the source being >1 × 106 particles cm−3. Concentration of respirable fibers for dry cutting at the source ranged from 2 to 4 fibers cm−3 depending on the composite type. Further investigation is required and underway to determine the effects of various exposure determinants, such as specimen and tool geometry, on particle release and effectiveness of controls. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink