Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in products and effluent from the Swedish pulp and paper industry and chloralkali process
| Autor: | Christoffer Rappe, S. E. Kulp, Lars-Owe Kjeller, C. de Wit, A. Melin, Bo Glas |
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| Rok vydání: | 1990 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Softwood Congener specific Chemistry Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pulp (paper) Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Chloralkali process General Medicine General Chemistry engineering.material Contamination Pulp and paper industry Pollution stomatognathic system engineering Hardwood Environmental Chemistry Sewage treatment Effluent |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 20:1701-1706 |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| Popis: | Within the Swedish Dioxin Survey various samples from the pulp and paper industry and the chloralkali process have been analyzed by congener specific analytical methods. In addition to the generally discussed “bleaching pattern” of the tetrachlorinated congeners, these samples also contained higher chlorinated congeners like hexa-CDDs, hepta-CDFs, octa-CDD and octa-CDF. Consequently it is recommended that samples from the pulp industry should be analyzed for all PCDDs and PCDFs (tetra- through octa-). Counted as Nordic Toxic Equivalents (NTEQ), the recycled pulp samples had the highest contamination level followed by TMP, unbleached sulfite and bleached softwood and hardwood. In addition to the bleaching process, various chemicals used in the pulping, bleaching and wastewater treatment can contribute to the contamination. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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