Occurrence of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Sewage and Sludge Samples in Toronto, Canada

Autor:	Jack Chan, Hing-Biu Lee, Thomas E. Peart, Greg Gris
Rok vydání:	2004
Předmět:	Bisphenol A Alkylphenol Bisphenol business.industry Supercritical fluid extraction Sewage Contamination Nonylphenol chemistry.chemical_compound Wastewater chemistry Environmental chemistry business Water Science and Technology
Zdroj:	Water Quality Research Journal. 39:57-63
ISSN:	2408-9443 1201-3080
DOI:	10.2166/wqrj.2004.009
Popis:	In recent years, many anthropogenic chemicals occurring in the environment have been shown to mimic the action of endogenous hormones. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can potentially lead to a host of adverse effects on wildlife, such as the feminization of fish, the lack of reproductive success of some species, birth defects, and the development of physical abnormality. In an attempt to establish the levels of contamination by EDCs in municipal sewage and sludge, we have collected samples in the Toronto area and analyzed them for alkylphenols, alkylphenol ethoxylates and carboxylates, 17ß-estradiol and its metabolites, testosterone, bisphenol A, as well as butyltin species. Previously developed methods using solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, GC/MS, and HPLC determination have been used for such samples. Levels of these chemicals varied from 500 µg/g for nonylphenol to
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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