| Popis: |
The massive integration of dispersed generation of combined heat and power units (CHP units) brings up challenges for today’s distribution networks that they not have been planned for. However, it is not yet fully understood in which areas and under which precondition, CHP units shall be installed and could be efficiently operated with minimum environmental impacts. In this paper an analysis of different energy supply scenarios for different distribution networks in Germany in 2030 evaluating the environmental impacts and the effects on grid planning is presented. Based on a comparison of these scenarios recommendations are given in which areas and under which preconditions a local heat and power supply with CHP units is more environmental friendly compared to centralized power generation in large power plants combined with conventional heating systems. INTRODUCTION Environmental protection and the efficient utilization of natural resources is the main aim of a sustainable energy supply assuring availability of energy with taking economical aspects into account. For ensuring a sustainable energy supply for the end-user the components of future power grids, high efficient dispersed generation units and optimized distribution networks with minimized losses and emissions are necessary. Until now these technologies are often optimized only in one of the following sustainable criteria: • Best Economical Value • Highest technical Efficiency Additionally, there is a need to evaluate whether the massive integration of dispersed generation units (wind, biomass, photovoltaic) provides a more environmental friendly energy supply or if it involves contrary effects, e.g. the need to provide either additional reserve power or energy storage devices for fluctuating generation. Thus, as an important step towards a reliable and economical and ecological optimized future power supply, it is vital to develop new energy supply scenarios that meet the future energy demand in distribution networks with reduced heat consumption and a higher electricity demand caused by new e-mobility applications and a higher penetration of consumer electronics. First the trends in power and heat consumption in Germany until 2030 have to be analyzed. TRENDS IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GENERATION IN GERMANY The overall trend of electricity consumption from 2000 to 2030 in Germany can be estimated as nearly constant by analyzing the sectors industry, private households, trade and commerce and transportation as shown in figure 1. 0 50 100 150 200 25 |
