Australoheros angiru ������an, Pi��lek, Almir��n & Casciotta, 2011, sp. nov

Autor: ������an, Old��ich, Pi��lek, Lubom��r, Almir��n, Adriana, Casciotta, Jorge
Rok vydání: 2011
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6192229
Popis: Australoheros angiru sp. nov. (Figs 7, 8, 9). ��� Cichlasoma ��� facetum��� Staeck 1998 a: 62 ���63; 1998 b: 81���85 ��� Cichlasoma ��� sp. Igua��u ��� Staeck 2003: 64 ���65 ��� Cichlasoma ��� sp. Igua��u ��� Stawikowski and Werner 2004: 455 Australoheros sp. jacutinga ��� Ř��čan and Kullander 2006: 6 Australoheros kaaygua��� Ř��čan and Kullander 2008: 28 (in part) Holotype. MCP 13937, 73.2 mm SL, Brazil, Santa Catarina State, rio Uruguai drainage, rio Jacutinga, road BR 283 from Cear�� to Concordia, col: Bergmann et al., October 1988. Paratypes. 13 specimens, 24.6 ���77.0 mm SL, all from Brazil. Santa Catarina State, rio Uruguai drainage: MCP 13383, 6 ex., 24.6 ���77.0 mm SL, rio Jacutinga, road BR 283 from Cear�� to Concordia, col: Reis et al., February 1989. MCP 12509, 1 ex., 75.0 mm SL, same data as holotype. MCP 13011, 6 ex., 44.2���61.4 mm SL, rio Jacutinga, road BR 283 from Cear�� to Concordia, col: Reis et al., December 1988. Additional non-type material. Paran�� State, rio Igua��u drainage: NUP 3913, 2 ex., rio S��o Pedro, tributary to rio Igua��u, Pinh��o county, 26 ��05��S, 51 �� 45 'W, col: Nup��lia staff, March 1993. NUP 3914, 1 ex, rio Iratim (Lin��grafo), tributary to rio Igua��u, Palmas county, boundary with P��nh��o-PR, 26 ��05��S, 51 �� 45��W, col: Nup��lia staff, April 1993. NUP 3915, 1 ex, rio S��o Pedro, tributary to rio Igua��u, Pinh��o county, 26 ��05��S, 51 �� 45 'W, col: Nup��lia staff, March 1993. Rio Grande do Sul State, rio Uruguai drainage: MCP 46328, 13 ex., Sanga das Aguas Frias, Irai, col: Malabarba et al., 1985. Argentina, Misiones province, r��o Uruguay drainage: ZSM 23482 a, 1 ex., P, r��o Soberbio, El Soberbio, col: J. Foerster, 1966. ZSM 23060 a, 4 ex., r��o Soberbio, El Soberbio, col: J. Foerster, 1966. ZSM 23060 c, 2 ex. (C&S), r��o Soberbio, El Soberbio, col: J. Foerster, 1966. Diagnosis. Australoheros angiru is one of the most deep-bodied species of Australoheros (body depth in SL> 49 %; shared with A. guarani and A. facetus). It has been previously associated with A. kaaygua, but it is the sister species of A. minuano based on DNA characters. Australoheros angiru is distinguished from A. kaaygua by having less scale rows between anterior end of dorsal fin and upper lateral line (ch 4 states 1���2 vs. 0), by a very narrow or missing caudal base spot, by a pure yellow ground color (vs. yellowish-green), by yellow eyes (vs. dark green), by more scales between anterior end of dorsal fin and upper lateral line (5 vs. 4), more anal fin spines (7 vs. 6), more anal fin rays (> 7 vs. vs. 8), less E0 scales (24 vs. > 25), more L 1 scales (> 17���18 vs. 16), less L 2 scales (8 vs. > 9), and by a being more deep-bodied (49.6 % vs. 43.8 % SL), and having a shorter caudal peduncle (7.4 % vs. 10.4 % SL). Australoheros angiru is distinguished from A. minuano by a large and dominant midlateral blotch, very narrow or missing caudal base spot, by lacking a pinkish body coloration, by a small terminal or subterminal mouth (vs. large supraterminal), by more scales between the anterior end of the dorsal fin and the upper lateral line (5 vs. 4), less anal fin rays (7 vs. 8), less dorsal fin rays (9 vs. 10), and by slight differences in body depth (49.6 % vs. 46.9 % SL) and in preorbital distance (7.3 % vs. 6.0% SL). For distinguishing characters to all other Australoheros species see the Notes section. Description. Based on specimens over 60 mm SL, with notes on smaller specimens. Meristic data are summarized in Table 2, morphometric data are summarized in Table 3. Comparatively deep bodied (mean body depth 49.6 % SL). Snout short, straight in lateral view. Jaws isognathous. Mouth small. Scales on head and chest not distinctly smaller than on flanks. Scales in E0 row 23 (3), 24 (16 *), 25 (4). Upper lateral line scales 16 (1), 17 (6 *), 18 (8). Lower lateral line scales 7 (4), 8 (7 *), 9 (4). Scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 4 anteriorly, 1 large plus 1 small posteriorly. Cheek scale rows 3 (14 *), 4 (2). About 8 scale rows between the opercular flap and the anterior insertion of the pelvic fin. Dorsal fin with one basal scale row, starting from the 7 th or 8 th spine and running posteriad; interradial scales appear from 14 th or 15 th spine membrane, in single rows. Anal fin with one basal scale row; interradial scales in single rows, from penultimate spine. Caudal fin densely scaled, scales ctenoid; interradial scales in single rows; hind margin of scaly area concave, extending to between one-third and middle of caudal fin. Soft dorsal fin pointed, extending beyond middle of caudal fin. D. XVI, 9 (16 *), XVI, 10 (13), XVII, 8 (2). Soft anal fin pointed, of about the same length as dorsal fin. A. VI, 7 (2), VI, 8 (3), VII, 7 (17 *), VII, 8 (8), VIII, 6 (1). Anal fin pterygiophores 11 (2), 12 (22 *), 13 (7). First pelvic fin ray longest, extending up to the second anal fin spine. Pectoral fin with a rounded tip, third and fourth rays longest, extending just to the midlateral blotch. P. 12 (11 *), 13 (5). Caudal fin rounded to subtruncate. All teeth caniniform, slightly curved. Outer row teeth increasing in size symphysiad, upper jaw anterior teeth longest, lower jaw anterior teeth subequal. Number of lower jaw teeth up to 16 in one outer hemiseries, upper jaw tooth row much shorter, with about 7 or 8 teeth in one outer hemiseries. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate not studied. Gill rakers externally on first gill arch, 2 epibranchial, 1 in angle, 5 (4), 6 (11 *), 7 (1) ceratobranchial. Vertebrae 13 + 13 = 26 (29 *), 13 + 14 = 27 (2). Caudal peduncle with no vertebrae (10) or containing 0.5 (4), 1 (14 *), 1.5 (1) vertebrae. Color pattern in alcohol. Six to seven vertical flank bars, a caudal peduncle bar confluent with the caudalbase bar, and a midlateral stripe bearing the midlateral blotch in the fourth flank bar (sensu Ř��čan et al. 2005) make up the principal markings. All fins and body are without conspicuous spots or blotches. The midlateral stripe is more distinct anteriorly from the midlateral blotch than posteriorly, and the midlateral blotch itself is a dominant coloration pattern element. Vertical bars are relatively wide, faint, indistinct in their ventral parts. The midlateral stripe posteriorly from the midlateral blotch does not align with the lower lateral line and aligns with the E 1 scale row and does not continue in the E0 scale row. Posteriorly from the midlateral blotch, the stripe is slightly decomposed into two blotches in the respective vertical flank bars. The blotch posterior from the midlateral blotch is centered in the same scale row as the midlateral blotch (i.e. E 1 scale row), whereas the second blotch is more elongate along the vertical axis and centered in the E 2 scale row, making the impression that the midlateral stripe makes a dorsally directed turn at its posterior end. The arrangement of the bars on the body in essentially the same as described for A. scitulus (Ř��čan & Kullander 2003). Very small spots present on the bases of some body scales in adult specimens. In juveniles the spotted pattern of the body is much more pronounced, with virtually every scale on the body having a spot at its base, including those in the anterior part of the E 4 scale row (i.e. as in adult A. scitulus). Life coloration. Coloration of life specimens from the rio Uruguai drainage is unknown to us. Staeck (1998 a, 1998 b, 2003: p. 64) photographed specimens from the rio Igua��u drainage (Fig. 7). These specimens have a yellow ground coloration with dark vertical bars and a dark horizontal stripe. Several other species of Australoheros have a yellowish ground color, but it is best developed in A. angiru. The iris is also yellow. The caudal fin has red dorsal and ventral margins and corners. This character is not unique for A. angiru, and can also be seen in A. kaaygua and in populations of A. facetus from the state of Uruguay. Breeding animals have the typical Australoheros breeding coloration with the horizontal interruption of the black vertical bars in their dorsal portion between the opercle and the midlateral blotch (Ř��čan & Kullander 2003; Staeck 1998 a: p. 82, 1998b: p. 62, 2003: p. 65). Females in breeding coloration develop a black blotch in the dorsal fin. Staeck (1998 b, 2003) describes behavior and spawning under aquarium conditions. Distribution. Australoheros angiru has a disjunct distribution in the rio Igua��u and in the upper rio Uruguai. One locality is so far known from the middle r��o Uruguay in Misiones province, Argentina (Fig. 10). Etymology. The Guaran�� word angir�� means friend, partner (amigo or compa��ero in Spanish). The etymology is based on the fact that A. angiru and A. kaaygua have been confused as one species (Ř��čan & Kullander 2008). New data have however demonstrate that they are two non-sister group species living in the same river drainage (r��o Iguaz��), though not sympatrically. Notes. Part of Australoheros angiru material (MCP 6262) has been previously considered conspecific with A. kaaygua (Ř��čan & Kullander 2008). The authors were aware of the morphological variation within A. kaaygua (sensu Ř��čan & Kullander 2008), but lack of DNA data and of first hand examination of the type series of A. kaaygua made them sceptical about describing a new species with an additionally unusual distribution (occuring in the same river basin, r��o Iguaz�� as A. kaaygua, but not in sympatry, and at the same time also in the r��o Uruguay). DNA data from the rio Igua��u populations in Brazil (A. angiru) however show no relationship to A. kaaygua in the r��o Iguaz�� in Argentina (Fig. 2). DNA data from the r��o Uruguay are so far lacking. A more detailed morphological analysis (Fig. 1) also supports the notion of two unrelated species, with populations of A. angiru from both the rio Igua��u and from the r��o Uruguay forming a homogenous clade with short intraspecific branch lengths. The sister species of A. angiru is A. minuano, while that of A. kaaygua is A. tembe (Fig. 3). The MCP 6262 lot additionally included two species (Ř��čan and Kullander, 2008). Nine specimens from this lot are paratypes of Australoheros forquilha Ř��čan and Kullander, 2008. Thirteen specimens from this lot represent A. angiru (previously erroneously treated as A. kaaygua in Ř��čan and Kullander, 2008) and were separated into a new lot MCP 46328. Additional diagnostic characters of Australoheros angiru that separate it from all other species except A. kaaygua and A. minuano are as follows. It is distinguished (in decreasing order of overall similarity; except for species from coastal drainages treated as last) from A. charrua and A. scitulus by having less scale rows between posterior end of upper lateral line and dorsal fin (ch 3 state 2 vs. 0 vs. 1), less caudal vertebrae (13 vs. 14), in being more deep-bodied (50 vs. 45 % SL), and in having less E0 scales (24 vs.> 25). Additionally distinguished from A. charrua by details in the shape of the midlatral stripe (see description) and by lacking a pinkish body coloration. Additionally distinguished from A. scitulus by lacking black blotches on the opercular series, having less anal fin spines (7 vs. 8), less dorsal fin spines (16 vs. 17), less caudal vertebrae (13 vs. 14), in being more deep-bodied (50 vs. 45 % SL), and in having less pectoral fin rays (12���13 vs. 13���14). Australoheros angiru is distinguished from A. tembe by having less scale rows between anterior end of dorsal fin and upper lateral line (ch 4 states 1���2 vs. 0), by a very narrow or missing caudal base spot, a shorter dorsal fin scale cover (ch 1 state 1 vs. 0), less scale rows between the posterior end of the upper lateral line and dorsal fin (ch 3 state 2 vs. 0), by lacking thick lips, by having more anal fin spines (7 vs. 6), less caudal vertebrae (13 vs. 14), and less caudal peduncle vertebrae (0 vs. 3). It is distinguished from A. guarani, A. facetus, A. acaroides and A. taura by a large and dominant midlateral blotch (except A. facetus), very narrow or missing caudal base spot, and details in the shape of the midlatral stripe (see description). Australoheros angiru is additionally distinguished from A. guarani by a small terminal or subterminal mouth (vs. large supraterminal), more anal fin spines (7 vs. 6), shorter preorbital distance (21 vs. 25 % HL), and less C 1 gill rakers (6 vs. 7). Additionally distinguished from A. facetus by a longer dorsal fin scale cover (ch 1 state 1 vs. 2), more anal fin spines (7 vs. 6), less anal fin rays (7 vs. 8), less pectoral fin rays (12���13 vs. 13���14), and less C 1 gill rakers (6 vs. 7���8). It is additionally distinguished from A. acaroides by a longer dorsal fin scale cover (ch 1 state 1 vs. 2), shorter caudal peduncle (40 % CPD vs. 50���60 % CPD), by being more deep-bodied (50 vs. 45 % SL), and having a narrower interorbital distance (35 vs. 40���45 % HL). It is distinguished from A. taura by also lacking a pinkish body coloration, by a small terminal or subterminal mouth (vs. large supraterminal), shorter caudal peduncle (40 % CPD vs. 50 % CPD), by being more deep-bodied (50 vs. 40 % SL), by a narrower interorbital distance (35 vs. 40 % HL), less pectoral fin rays (12���13 vs. 13���14), and less E0 scales (24 vs.> 25). Australoheros angiru is distinguished from A. ykeregua and A. forquilha by a shorter dorsal fin scale cover (ch 1 state 1 vs. 0), a different scale pattern along anterior border of dorsal fin (ch 2 state 0 vs. 1), less scale rows between posterior end of upper lateral line and dorsal fin (ch 3 state 2 vs. 0), very narrow or missing caudal base spot, absence of opalescent spots below orbit, unpaired fins without checker-board spotted pattern, absence of red colored lower head area and opercular membrane, by a small terminal or subterminal mouth (vs. large supraterminal), less dorsal fin rays (9 vs. 10), less caudal peduncle vertebrae (0 vs. 2 vs. 2.5), shorter caudal peduncle (40 % CPD vs. 60 % CPD), by being more deep-bodied (50 vs. 45 vs. 40 % SL), with a wider head (55 vs. vs. 13���14). Additionally distinguished from A. ykeregua by a large and dominant midlateral blotch, and more anal fin spines (7 vs. 6). Additionally distinguished from A. forquilha by less scale rows between anterior end of dorsal fin and upper lateral line (ch 4 state 1 vs. 0), absence of opalescent scale rows on body, and less pectoral fin rays (12���13 vs. 13���14). Australoheros angiru is distinguished from all the Atlantic coast species north of A. acaroides and A. taura (A. autrani, A. barbosae, A. capixaba, A. ipatinguensis, A. macacuensis, A. macaensis, A. muriae, A. paraibae, A. ribeirae, A. robustus, A. saquarema) by a longer dorsal fin scale cover (ch 1 state 1 vs. 2), a large and dominant midlateral blotch, details in the shape of the midlatral stripe (see description), shorter caudal peduncle (40 % CPD vs.> 50 % CPD), in being more deep-bodied (50 vs. 45 % SL), with a narrower interorbital distance (35 vs. 40 % HL), less pectoral fin rays (12���13 vs. 13���14), and less E0 scales (24 vs.> 25).
Published as part of ������an, Old��ich, Pi��lek, Lubom��r, Almir��n, Adriana & Casciotta, Jorge, 2011, Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the R��o de la Plata basin, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2982 on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200605
{"references":["Staeck, W. (1998 a) Neuer Chanchito. DCG informationen, 29, 62 - 63.","Staeck, W. (2003) \" Cichlasoma \" facetum komplex: Ein ruckblick auf die Anfange der Aquaristik. Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, 9, 60 - 65.","Stawikowski, R. & Werner, U. (2004) Die Buntbarsche Amerikas. Band 3: Erdfresser, Hecht- un Kammbuntbarsche. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 478 pp.","Rican, O. & Kullander, S. O. (2006) Character- and Tree-based delimitation of species in the´Cichlasoma´facetum group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) with the description of a new genus. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 44, 136 - 152.","Rican, O. & Kullander, S. O. (2008) The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Parana River drainages. Zootaxa, 1724, 1 - 51.","Rican, O., Musilova, Z., Muska, M. & Novak, J. (2005) Development of coloration patterns in Neotropical cichlids (Perciformes: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae). Folia Zoologica, 54, 1 - 46.","Rican, O. & Kullander, S. O. (2003) ' Cichlasoma' scitulum: a new species of cichlid fish from the Rio de La Plata Region in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Copeia, 2003, 794 - 802.","Staeck, W. (1998 b) Ein neuer cichlide aus dem Cichlasoma facetum komplex. DCG informationen, 29, 81 - 85."]}
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