An evaluation of inorganic toxicity reference values for use in assessing hazards to American robins (Turdus migratorius)
Autor: | Bradley E. Sample, W. Nelson Beyer |
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Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
Soil test
biology Geography Planning and Development Baseline risk 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Medicine 010501 environmental sciences biology.organism_classification 01 natural sciences Predation Animal ecology Environmental chemistry Reference values Toxicity 040103 agronomy & agriculture Coturnix coturnix 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Soil Pollutants 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science |
Zdroj: | Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 13:352-359 |
ISSN: | 1551-3777 |
Popis: | When performing screening-level and baseline risk assessments, assessors usually compare estimated exposures of wildlife receptor species with toxicity reference values (TRVs). We modeled the exposure of American robins (Turdus migratorius) to 10 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn, and V) in spring and early summer, a time when earthworms are the preferred prey. We calculated soil benchmarks associated with possible toxic effects to these robins from 6 sets of published TRVs. Several of the resulting soil screening-level benchmarks were inconsistent with each other and less than soil background concentrations. Accordingly, we examined the derivations of the TRVs as a possible source of error. In the case of V, a particularly toxic chemical compound (ammonium vanadate) containing V, not normally present in soil, had been used to estimate a TRV. In the cases of Zn and Cu, use of uncertainty values of 10 in estimating TRVs led to implausibly low soil screening values. In the case of Pb, a TRV was calculated from studies demonstrating reductions in egg production in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to Pb concentrations well below than those causing toxic effects in other species of birds. The results on quail, which were replicated in additional trials, are probably not applicable to other, unrelated species, although we acknowledge that only a small fraction of all species of birds has been tested. These examples underscore the importance of understanding the derivation and relevance of TRVs before selecting them for use in screening or in ecological risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:352-359. © 2016 SETAC. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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