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Apoptosis induced by high concentrations of nicotinamide in tobacco suspension cells was observed. When cells were treated with 250 mM nicotinamide for 24 h, the hallmarks of apoptosis were detected, including DNA fragments increasing in size by multiples of 180–200 bp, condensation and peripheral distribution of nuclei chromatin and positive reaction to the TUNEL assay. In addition, the degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was also detected. This indicates that caspase-3-like activity is involved in apoptosis in cultured tobacco cells induced by high-concentration nicotinamide. However, as an inhibitor of PARP, nicotinamide has a contrary effect on apoptosis at low concentrations, which suggests that nicotinamide plays a dual role depending on to its concentration in cells. |
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