Effects of obesity on hippocampus function: Synaptic plasticity hypothesis

Autor: Mamoun Ahram, Anfal AL-Dalaeen, Hayder A. Al-Domi
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Obesity Medicine. 19:100246
ISSN: 2451-8476
DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100246
Popis: Purpose Recently, much attention has been devoted to the effects of nutrient-related signals on brain development and functions. Particularly, the dynamics of synaptic gain and loss are fundamental to healthy brain function. Understanding perturbations of these dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of paramount importance in order to devise preventative strategies. Methods Scientific studies related to the use of high fat diet (HFD) in adult rodents have been reviewed. A focus has been placed on studies pertinent to the following: (1) the ability of HFD to induce obesity or insulin resistance and (2) alterations in the levels of proteins that are critical for synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus. Studies related to polyphenol or PUFA or studies that used whole brain have been excluded. The effect of obesity on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie hippocampus synaptic plasticity in context of learning, memory and mood have been considered. Key findings Out of 80 studies, 11 of them fit the criteria. All 11 studies demonstrate induced obesity in association with impairment of memory function and mood change following feeding rodents HFD. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these robust effects are discussed herein. Conclusion Studies highlight the importance of HFD, not only in influencing obesity, but also in altering cognitive abilities of organisms through changing synapse plasticity without directly causing a pathologic condition such as diabetes. They also lead to the hypothesis that diet can be utilized in preventing the initiation of AD or, in conjunction with pharmaceutical intervention, in treating of AD or in reducing the progression of the disease.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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