Concentration levels and carcinogenic and mutagenic risks of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban–industrial area in South Africa
| Autor: | Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola, Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo, Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Risk level
Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Health risk assessment Industrial area General Medicine 010501 environmental sciences Particulates complex mixtures 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental chemistry Environmental Chemistry Pyrene Environmental science Ingestion Risk assessment Carcinogen 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Water Science and Technology |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 42:2163-2178 |
| ISSN: | 1573-2983 0269-4042 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10653-019-00493-2 |
| Popis: | Concerns over the health effects of exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) led the South African Government to establish the national standard for PM2.5 in the year 2012. However, there is currently no exposure limit for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PM2.5-bound PAHs. The understanding of the concentration levels and potential health risks of exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs is important in ensuring a suitable risk assessment and risk management plans. This study, therefore, determined the concentration levels and carcinogenic and mutagenic health risks of PM2.5-bound PAHs. A hundred and forty-four PM2.5 samples were collected over 4 months during the winter and summer seasons of 2016 in an industrial area. The concentrations of 16 PAHs were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and their carcinogenic and mutagenic risks were determined using the Human Health Risk Assessment model. The mean winter (38.20 ± 8.4 μg/m3) and summer (22.3 ± 4.1 μg/m3) concentrations of PM2.5 levels were lower than the stipulated 40 μg/m3 daily limit. The daily inhalation and ingestion exposure to PAHs for all age groups were higher than the daily exposure through the dermal contact. Children and adults are more likely to inhale and ingest PAHs in PM2.5 than infants. The excess cancer risk and excess mutagenic risk values were below the priority risk level (10−4). There is a potential risk of 1–8 per million persons developing cancer from exposure to benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene over a lifetime of 70 years. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink