EFFICIENCY OF USING THE FODDER MIXES IN THE SUMMER PERIOD AFTER TRANSFERRING THE COWS TO NON-KNIT BOX KEEPING

Autor: R. U. Batyr, I. V. Hnoievyi, T. S. Voitenko
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Zdroj: Bìoresursi ì prirodokoristuvannâ. 10
ISSN: 2518-1963
2078-9912
DOI: 10.31548/bio2018.05.020
Popis: In the dairy cattle breeding of Ukraine it is widespread to use a mixed rations of canned fodder (hay, haylage, silage) to feed the high-yielding cows in the summer. At the same time, due to the reconstruction of cattle farms and the transfer the cows from stanchion - stall housing to free-stall barns and milking them in the milking room, there comes a need to provide highly productive animals with nutrients in such a way as to minimize the stress, thus avoiding the forced decline in their productivity. There is no single approach to the implementation of this problem in the conditions of production. All-the-year-round feeding of cows with the same feed mixtures, combined with the use of canned and green fodders in the summer, is already used on most of the best farms in Ukraine. According to our research, the use of green fodder in such feed mixtures supplies their physiological need in dry nutritive material better, simultaneously increasing the concentration of energy in 1 kg of ration, provides the posability to maintain normal weight and reproductive capacity of animals, and also promotes the rise of their milk productivity during the first 100 days of lactation, increasing at the same time its quality, and reducing the total expenses of fodder. The researches on the optimal introduction of green fodder into feed mixture and the transfer of high-yielding animals to another technology of their keeping remained incomplete [4]. The aim of our research was to determine the effectiveness of different ratios of green and canned fodders in rations of dairy cows during the summer period, to study the dependency of milking multiplicity on the milk productivity of black-and-white breed cows in conditions of their transfer to free-stall barns together with using the intensive milk production technology. The following tasks were determined to achieve the goal: - to study the efficiency of the ratio of canned and green fodders in feed mixtures for cows during their transfer from the stanchion - stall housing to free-stall barns in the summer period. - to determine the efficiency of the double, partially triple and triple (throughout the whole lactation) milking of high-yielding cows due to their transfer from the stanchion - stall housing to free-stall barns and the introduction of green mass into the feed mixture; - to determine the economic efficiency of milk production in case of the partly triple and triple milking. Material and methods of research. The research took place in the farm number 10 of the state enterprise "Ilyich Agrarian-Donbas", district Mariupol in the Donetsk region, the experiment was held on the dairy cows of Ukrainian black-and-white breed in accordance with the generally accepted methods of research on feeding of cattle. Dairy cows were kept in stanchion-stalls tied all-the-year-round, and their feeding was carried out from the feeding tables with feed mixtures, that consisted of canned and green fodder. The feed mixtures contained 18-20 kg of the last one for each animal (which made 11.7% of the diet structure) a day. During the production experiment that took place for 32 month, the farm was reconstructed from stanchion-stall keeping to the free-stall one, with milking the cows in the milking room, equipped with rotary milking parlor "Carousel" from “Westfalia Surge” company. For the research, 3 groups of cows-analogues (the animals of the same characteristics) were selected: I group of cows remained in stanchion-stall keeping, during 305 days of lactation cows were milked twice a day: at 5a.m. and at 5p.m.; Group II: that for the first hundred days of lactation were transferred to free-stall keeping and were milked three times a day, the next two hundred and five days the milking took place twice a day; Group III - cows were kept in free stalls during the entire lactation, and were milked three times a day: at 6 a.m., at 12 noon and at 6p.m. Cows of all groups were eating the same feed mixtures. Lactation of cows was studied from May 2016 to March 2017. The results of the research. The silo-concentrate type was used for feeding animals, and the fodder was given to them in the form of a mixture with the help of the fodder-mixer Verti-Mix 500. A characteristic feature of such feed mixture was that the fate of silage in the structure was 27.6%, but its quality was increased by replacment of 55% of Corn Silage with Combined one (Corn + Soybean). Because of the productivity of cows, their consumption of mixed fodder in the composition of the feed mixture was at a high level - 37,9%. The lowest rates among the milk yields of the animals of the same age for 100 days of lactation were from the animals of the first control group, that were kept in stanchion-stalls and milked twice a day during the whole lactation. The analysis of gross production of 305 days period of lactation also confirmed the advantage of animals of the second and third groups by the amount of milk yields over the similar animals from the first control group. There was also established that for the intensity of milking, the animals of the first experimental group (they were milked twice and were kept in stanchion-stalls during the whole lactation period) had the advantage over the coevals from other groups. The highest percentage of fat during the first 100 days of lactation was noted in the milk of the first group of animals - 3.79%, which was higher for 0.01% than in the second and third groups. The lowest profit from the sales of milk that was gathered during 305 days of lactation from the experimental groups, was obtained from the cows of the first group - 178.65 thousand UAH, which was 4.7% less than that from the animals of the second group and 5.4% less than from the cows of third group. However, the level of profitability was higher in the first group for 52.4%, in the second - not significantly less than 50.4% and in the third group - 47.3%. Conclusions 1. Partial replacement of the mowed green fodders of field fodder production with high quality silage in rations of dairy cows that were kept in both stanchion-stall and free-stall barns provides their physiological need in dry nutritive material better and simultaneously increases the concentration of energy in 1 kg of ration. 2. Combined feeding of dairy cows in the summer, in case the stable component —silage is included in the diet constantly, makes it possible to maintain high productivity of milk production. 3. The use of partial triple (first 100 days of lactation), the same as triple milking (during the whole period of lactation) of cows increases the dairy productivity for 7.0 and 11.4%, with a one-time reduction in feed costs per unit of product for 7.2 and 11,8%, correspondingly. 4. Lactational activity of cows, who were milked twice a day, was more smooth and even, and the intensity of their milk yield was significantly higher than in the second group of animals for 29.4% and the third one for 26.5%. 5. The economic efficiency of milk production was higher in the second and third groups, where the profit exceeded the first group for 4.7% and 5.4% correspondingly.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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