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BackgroundCigarette smoking has been reported as a risk factor for the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). However, the associations between cigarette smoking and subtypes of drusen and nAMD were incomplete, as it lacked consideration of pachydrusen or no significant drusen. Therefore, this study intended to reveal the associations between cigarette smoking and subtypes of drusen and nAMD.PurposeTo evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking and subtypes of drusen and nAMD in an Asian population.MethodsThis retrospective case-control study included 189 eyes in 189 patients with treatment-naïve nAMD, including typical AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and type 3 neovascularization. The patients were stratified into never-, former-, and current-smoker groups, and drusen subtypes, including no significant drusen, soft drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), and pachydrusen, were analyzed in each group.ResultsThe proportions of no significant drusen and pachydrusen in the fellow eyes were significantly higher in the former- and current-smoker groups (P = 0.016 and P < 0.001), respectively. There was a significantly higher proportion of PCV in the affected eyes in the current-smoker group (P = 0.041). The proportions of SDDs in the fellow eyes and type 3 neovascularization in the affected eyes were significantly higher in the never-smoker group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.037), respectively.ConclusionEver smokers (former and current smokers) had significantly higher proportions of pachychoroid-related disorders, including no significant drusen, pachydrusen, and PCV, than nonsmokers. Thus, cigarette smoking could be a risk factor for the development of pachychoroid-dependent abnormalities. |
