Buoyancy Effects in Dead-End Reverse Osmosis: Visualization by Holographic Interferometry
| Autor: | Francisco Ruiz-Beviá, Pedro García-Algado, Raquel Salcedo-Díaz, J. Fernández-Sempere |
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| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Buoyancy
Natural convection business.industry Chemistry General Chemical Engineering General Chemistry engineering.material Polarization (waves) Holographic interferometry Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Membrane technology Interferometry Membrane Optics engineering business Reverse osmosis |
| Zdroj: | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 46:1794-1802 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5045 0888-5885 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/ie061433z |
| Popis: | Real-time holographic interferometry, previously used to measure concentration profiles in the polarized layer during membrane processes, has been applied to visualize the buoyancy effects on dead-end reverse osmosis of salts by rotating the cell 90° and 180° from its original position (0°). Sets of experiments have been carried out, each one with the membrane in a different gravitational orientation, using NaCl and Na2SO4 with a feed concentration ranging from 1 to 7 kg/m3 at a constant pressure of 600 kPa. The interferometric fringe patterns obtained in each membrane position were very different. At the 0° position, the evolution of the polarization layer was observed by means of several interferometric fringes parallel to the membrane surface. At 180° position, the interferometric fringe pattern obtained pointed out the existence of a natural convection or buoyancy flow in the vicinity of the membrane surface which prevented the growth of the polarization layer. Finally, with the membrane vertically pl... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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