| Popis: |
This work is devoted to the review of genetic researches in the field of etiology and development of depressive disorders. The interest to depression is caused by high prevalence and increasing frequency of this disease in the world and its negative influence on the ability to work and social activity of a man. Depression is a heterogenic disorder, in the pathogenesis of which both genetic factors and the conditions of micro-and macroenvironment play an important role. The study of polymorphisms of gene-candidates as well as consequences from the totaling of these effects can help to define the degree of disposition to depressive disorders. According to modern theories, a special role in pathogenesis and dynamics of depression belong to the pathology of molecular components of neurochemical structures of central nervous system and genes that code them. The most known genes, for which the correlation with anxiety, depression or their separate symptoms was found, are the genes of 5-serotonin transporters HIT, noradrenalin NET, dopamines DAT1 and D4DR, neurotropic brain factor BDHF, serotonin receptors of HTR1A, HTR2A, genes of enzymes of tryptophan hydroxylase TPH, catechol-O-methyl transferase COMT, methylene tetra hydro folate reductase MTHFR, genes of anti-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-a, CRP, genes participating in the immune response PSMB4 and TBX21, rare variants of gene NKPD1 and others. The study of the genetic background in relation with affective manifestations seems to be important and promising. In-time and accurate diagnosis of the disposition to depressive disorders can be the most important one in successful prophylactics and effective treatment of patients. |
