| Popis: |
Based on experimental studies, a technique was proposed for comparing the areas of compaction by tractor propulsors in field conditions and in the aisle interval, the zones of inefficient and intensive use of the hopper space were determined and the solution of the problem of the optimization of the aisle zones was given. The results of experimental studies of the density of soil composition on hop crops are summarized in caterpillar compaction (LLC “Agrokhmel” of Vournarsky District, Chuvash Republic) and wheeled tractors (KOPKh “Leninskaya iskra” of Yadrinsky District, Chuvash Republic). In the first case, the T-54B tracked tractor was used, and in the second - the MTZ-921 wheeled tractor. The soils under the hops in LLC “Agrokhmel” are predominantly dark gray forest soils with an average humus content of 4.1% at a depth of 0.2 m, in KOPKh “Leninskaya iskra” - gray forest with a humus content of 2.9% (at a depth of 0, 2 m). According to the results of the implementation of soil sections on the hop-growers of the Chuvash Republic, it has been established that at the depth of the arable layer 0 ... 0.3 m there are no completely hop roots between traces of tractor passage. Analyzes of shear vertical deformation under the trail of the tractor’s wheel and its propagation along the depth show that after a threefold passage along the same trail, the displacement of soil layers practically ceases, while at the same time, in modern hone-growing technologies, up to 12 ... 14 passes intercoupling. To improve the conditions for growing hops, a quantitative reduction in the blocked zone of the hop-crop intervals is necessary. The study found that the density of the composition of the soil active hop under the tracks of the tractor T-54B is greater than under the wheel tractor MTZ-921. The resulted analytical decisions have shown that the zone of intensive usage of the hop-crop spacing more than 60% is achieved with the use of tractors T-54B and T-25A with the smallest rim when planting the hop sprocket with a spacing of 3.33 m. |
