Recent Developments in Vascular Adventitial Pathobiology
| Autor: | Maria Tinajero, Avrum I. Gotlieb |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
education.field_of_study Intimal hyperplasia Angiogenesis business.industry Population Adipose tissue 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology medicine.disease Pathology and Forensic Medicine Cell biology Extracellular matrix 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine medicine.anatomical_structure Vasa vasorum Adventitia cardiovascular system Medicine business education Myofibroblast |
| Zdroj: | The American Journal of Pathology. 190:520-534 |
| ISSN: | 0002-9440 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.021 |
| Popis: | The adventitia, the outer layer of the blood vessel wall, may be the most complex layer of the wall and may be the master regulator of wall physiology and pathobiology. This review proposes a major shift in thinking to apply a functional lens to the adventitia rather than only a structural lens. Human and experimental in vivo and in vitro studies show that the adventitia is a dynamic microenvironment in which adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue cells initiate and regulate important vascular functions in disease, especially intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Although well away from the blood-wall interface, where much pathology has been identified, the adventitia has a profound influence on the population of intimal and medial endothelial, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell function. Vascular injury and dysfunction of the perivascular adipose tissue promote expansion of the vasa vasorum, activation of fibroblasts, and differentiation of myofibroblasts. This regulates further biologic processes, including fibroblast and myofibroblast migration and proliferation, inflammation, immunity, stem cell activation and regulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis. A debate exists as to whether the adventitia initiates disease or is just an important participant. We describe a mechanistic model of adventitial function that brings together current knowledge and guides the design of future investigations to test specific hypotheses on adventitial pathobiology. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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