Differential Associations of GAD Antibodies (GADA) and C-Peptide With Insulin Initiation, Glycemic Responses, and Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes
| Autor: | Baoqi Fan, Cadmon K.P. Lim, Emily W.M. Poon, Eric S.H. Lau, Hongjiang Wu, Aimin Yang, Mai Shi, Claudia H.T. Tam, Samuel Y.S. Wong, Eric Kam-Pui Lee, Maggie H.T. Wang, Natural H.S. Chu, Risa Ozaki, Alice P.S. Kong, Elaine Chow, Ronald C.W. Ma, Andrea O.Y. Luk, Juliana C.N. Chan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Diabetes Care. 46:1282-1291 |
| ISSN: | 1935-5548 0149-5992 |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of GAD antibodies (GADA) and C-peptide (CP) with insulin initiation, glycemic responses, and severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 5,230 Chinese patients (47.6% men) with T2D (mean ± SD age: 56.5 ± 13.9 years; median diabetes duration: 6 [interquartile range 1, 12] years), enrolled consecutively in 1996–2012 and prospectively observed until 2019, we retrospectively measured fasting CP and GADA in stored serum and examined their associations with aforementioned outcomes. RESULTS At baseline, 28.6% (n = 1,494) had low CP ( CONCLUSIONS There is considerable heterogeneity in autoimmunity and β-cell dysfunction in T2D with GADA+ and high CP associated with early insulin initiation, while GADA+ and low CP, increased the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Extended phenotyping is warranted to increase the precision of classification and treatment in T2D. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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