| Popis: |
The asteroid impact on the Earth has been frequently occured in history, and it caused the earth environmental catastrophe and biological extinction more than once. It was thought to be one of the major potential threats of human safety and survival, and it’s a hot issue of general concerned in the international community. Meanwhile, near-Earth asteroids (NEA) are one of the most valuable goals for near term space exploration and resource developing and utilization, and it is also a “natural springboard” for forward space exploration. They are becoming the nature laboratory and test ground for human beings to enhance and display their new skills. They are thought to be “space islands” and the competition goal for the great powers to expand their territory, strive for strategic resources and compete to seize in the era of space navigation, during the age of nowadays space sailing. It will produce and promote the whole industrial chain of space economy development, such as economic circle of earth-moon, the mining of outer earth, and space manufacturing. Open up a new space era. Asteroid study has great scientific significance, it will deepen human understanding of the cutting-edge science for the origin and evolution of solar system, the universe, and also the life. How to defend against asteroids impact on the earth is also one of the major technical challenges facing the international space society. It is closely related to national security, and is a strategic and technical high point for great powers. The defense of asteroids impacting the Earth is also one of the major technical challenges facing the international space society. It is closely related to national security and is the strategic and technological commanding heights that big powers must contend for. Monitoring, early warning and defense of NEA, are not only the necessary measures to fulfill the obligations of the great powers, embody the role of a big country, establish and improve the image of a responsible big country, compete for the right and voice of our country in international space affairs, but also the inevitable choice of human protection of its own survival and development. It is also an important embodiment for the building of a community with shared future for humanity. Therefore, its importance, necessity and urgency are self-evident. In this paper, the present situation and development trend of NEA monitoring and warning, defense and resource utilization were comprehensive introduced and reviewed in detail. The frontier scientific problem, key technologies and relevant regulations and international cooperation issues were deeply discussed and systematically summarized. In view of the current situation of China, the problems and gaps in these fields were seriously analyzed. Based on the development requirements of China, from multiple dimensions, such as the top layout, systematic planning, scientific research, technical development, engineering implementation, construction of regulations and law, international cooperation, complete development goals and suggestions of China are proposed. China is moving from a big space country to a powerful space country. We should have a big country’s thinking and long-term vision on the utilization of resources for safety and defense of asteroid surveillance and early warning, and carry out actions at all levels as soon as possible. |
