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Herbicides are specially designed chemicals to kill unwanted plants that adversely affect the crop growth and thereby increase the nutrient requirements. Directly applied herbicide residues finally accumulate in the soil. They are found in all environmental spheres including air, water, and soil. Most of the herbicide formulations contain active ingredients and additives so as to fulfill regulatory standards without affecting their effectiveness. Nevertheless, their excessive use leads to herbicide resistance in weed plants prompting increase in the dosages. Hence, many modified, controlled release systems with reduced hazards and environmental toxicity are developed. These methods minimize the environmental impacts and aid in the sustainable development. Also, plant derived bioformulations with weedicide activities are considered as environmentally safe alternatives. Allelochemicals are plant compounds which give a survival advantage to the producers. Allelopathy has an important role in weed control and crop productivity. Since the allelochemicals are biologically active compounds, they are less disruptive to the ecosystem than synthetic herbicides. Hence, controlled release of herbicides and allelopathy are discussed as sustainable alternatives in farming practice. |
