Oyamel fir forest trunks provide thermal advantages for overwintering monarch butterflies in Mexico
| Autor: | Jennifer A. Lear, M. Ivan Limon Garcia, Daniel Slayback, M. Isabel Ramírez, Lincoln P. Brower, Raúl R. Zubieta, Tonya Van Hook, Paul Gier, Linda S. Fink, Ernest H. Williams |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Insect Conservation and Diversity. 2:163-175 |
| ISSN: | 1752-4598 1752-458X |
| Popis: | Survivalofoverwinteringmonarchbutterfliesfollowingseverewetwin- terstormsinMexicoissubstantiallyhigherforbutterfliesthatformclustersontheoya- melfirtreetrunksthanforthosethatformclustersonthefirboughs. 2. Thermal measurements taken at similar elevations with a weather station on the SierraChincuaandwithinaCerroPelonandaSierraChincuaoverwinteringareaindicated thatclusteringonthefirtrunksprovidesdualmicroclimaticbenefitsforthebutterflies. a. At night, the minimum surface temperatures of all firs combined averaged 1.4 ! C warmer than ambient forest temperatures, thereby enhancing protection against freezing formonarchsthatareeitherwetordry.Wetermthisthe'hotwaterbottleeffect.' b. During the day, the maximum surface temperatures of all firs combined averaged 1.2! Ccoolerthanambient,adifferencesufficienttolowerthelossofthebutterflies'lipid storesoverthe154-daywinteringseason. 3. Larger diameter trees increase both microclimate benefits. 4. Theresultsaddanewdimensiontoimprovingtheconservationmanagementguide- lines for the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Strict enforcement against culling of largertreesandinfavourofpromotingold-growthoyamelforestswillenhancetwomicro- climatic benefits: butterfly mortality during severe winterweatherwill be reduced, and the butterflies'lipidsavingsoverthewinterwillbeenhanced. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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