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Among the zoonotic viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome, six tick-borne viruses of the genus Orbivirus (family Reoviridae) are found in Northern Eurasia. Included are viruses of the Kemerovo antigenic group, which are associated with ticks of the family Ixodidae: Kemerovo virus (KEMV), Okhotsky virus (OKHV), Aniva virus (ANIV), and Wad Medani virus (WMV). KEMV is transmitted mainly by ticks of the Ixodes genus and is pathogenic to humans. OKHV and ANIV are associated with I. uriae ticks and their host, seabirds, on islands and coastal areas. WMV is associated with ticks of the Hyalomma genus in central Asia and Transcaucasia. Two other orbiviruses of the group are Baku virus (BAKV), isolated from Ornithodoros capensis ticks, and Chenuda virus, solated from Culex spp, mosquitoes. The chapter also presents data on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (family Birnaviridae, genus Aquabirnavirus), which infects fish and has a worldwide distribution. |
