STEM+ Productivity, Development, and Wealth, 1900–2012
| Autor: | Iris Mihai, Robert D. Reisz |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Economic growth
Inequality media_common.quotation_subject 05 social sciences 050301 education 050905 science studies Human development (humanity) Gross domestic product Econometric model Granger causality Income distribution Development economics Per capita Economics National wealth 0509 other social sciences 0503 education media_common |
| DOI: | 10.1108/s1479-367920170000033012 |
| Popis: | Purpose The authors seek to better understand the relationships between science production, national wealth, inequality, and human development around the globe. Design The chapter uses econometric models, including Granger causality, to test alternate hypotheses about whether more economic wealth is related to more science or if more science leads to more wealth. Findings The immediate result of our models is that a country’s wealth contributes to the conditions necessary for productive science. While large countries produce many research articles in the STEM+ fields more or less irrespective of their per capita GDP, with countries like the Soviet Union, China, or India being important contributors to world science, the most productive countries were the richer ones. GDP per capita values are important predictors for higher numbers of STEM+ research articles adjusted for population size. Nevertheless, human development and income equality also have a positive relationship with science productivity. While the effect of income equality is less strong, it has importantly and steadily increased over the last 50 years. Originality/Value This chapter is among the first to show that countries with similar levels of human development that are more equal in income distribution are more productive in science, while countries of similar wealth that are more equal in income distribution are not necessarily more productive in science. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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