Oncolytic Viruses As Immunotherapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Malignant Tumors
| Autor: | A.I. Glukhov, Margarita Kamynina, Daria A. Seryak, Dmitry A. Sivokhin, Tatyana S. Rodionova |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
business.industry medicine.medical_treatment Pyroptosis Cancer General Medicine Immunotherapy medicine.disease Oncolytic virus 03 medical and health sciences Cytolysis 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine Antigen 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cancer cell Cancer research medicine business CD80 |
| Zdroj: | Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 74:108-117 |
| ISSN: | 2414-3545 0869-6047 |
| Popis: | Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are novel and rapidly developing class of therapeutic agents for combating cancer, which can effectively infect and destroy tumor cells, leaving healthy tissues intact. Many viruses have a natural antitumor activity which causes cytolysis of cancer cells due to direct pathogenic action. Along with non-immunogenic cell death, oncolytic viruses have been shown to be capable of inducing immunogenic cancer cell death (necrosis, pyroptosis, etc.) accompanied by the release of OV-lysed tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Releasing DAMPs and TAAs, in its turn, leads to the activation of adaptive antitumor immunity. In order to further enhance the antitumor immunity, OVs have been armed with immunostimulatory transgenes such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), type I interferons, interleukins (IL-2, 12, 15), costimulatory ligands (CD40, CD80), tumor antigens («prime-boost» vaccination), which further enhances the safety and effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy. Preliminary results of randomized clinical trials of different approaches of oncolytic virotherapies in combination with immunotherapy confirm their high efficacy. However, there are some drawbacks, which necessitates their further study. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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