Void formation and surface energies in Cu(InGa)Se2

Autor:	William N. Shafarman, C. Lei, Angus Rockett, M. E. Beck, Ian M. Robertson
Rok vydání:	2006
Předmět:	Void (astronomy) Materials science Condensed matter physics Chalcopyrite Bilayer General Physics and Astronomy Surface energy Crystallography visual_art Lattice (order) visual_art.visual_art_medium Grain boundary Dislocation Wulff construction
Zdroj:	Journal of Applied Physics. 100:073518
ISSN:	1089-7550 0021-8979
DOI:	10.1063/1.2357422
Popis:	The spontaneous formation of voids has been observed in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films deposited by multistage evaporation processes but was not found commonly in single-stage evaporated material. These voids may be isolated in the grains or may occur at the grain boundaries. The voids exhibit strongly faceted geometries with interior surfaces being close-packed {112} planes of the chalcopyrite structure. A model based on the Kirkendal effect [Trans. AIME 171, 130 (1947)] and the interdiffusion and phase reaction in the bilayer process is proposed to explain the observation. The void shape is analyzed and an approximate Wulff construction [Z. Kristallogr. Mineral. 34, 449 (1901)] is used to estimate the relative surface energies of the predominant facets. Certain dislocation cores are also found to be unstable and convert to nanovoids in the presence of sufficient atomic vacancies moving in the lattice.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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