The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations
| Autor: | Alexander Shapiro, Malte Meinshausen, Anders Moberg, Natalie A. Krivova, Andrew Schurer, Michael N. Evans, Sebastian Wagner, Gavin A. Schmidt, Steven J. Phipps, Matthew Toohey, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Jason E. Smerdon, Edouard Bard, Hugues Goosse, Pascale Braconnot, Claudia Timmreck, Allegra N. LeGrande, Eugene Rozanov, George C. Hurtt, Hauke Schmidt, Myriam Khodri, Jed O. Kaplan, Raimund Muscheler, Amanda C. Maycock, Fortunat Joos, Bette I. Otto-Bliesner, Chi Ju Wu, Werner Schmutz, Jürg Luterbacher, T. Egorova, Jian Cao, Qiong Zhang, Sami K. Solanki, Kok Leng Yeo, Louise Chini, Eduardo Zorita, Mélanie Baroni, Michael Sigl, Julia Pongratz, Wenmin Man, Johann H. Jungclaus, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Davide Zanchettin, Stephan Lorenz, J. Fidel González-Rouco, Ilya Usoskin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Flexibility (engineering)
Coupled model intercomparison project Forcing (recursion theory) 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Meteorology Collaborative model Land cover 01 natural sciences Tier 1 network 13. Climate action Greenhouse gas Climatology Tier 2 network 0103 physical sciences 010303 astronomy & astrophysics 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Geoscientific Model Development. 10:4005-4033 |
| ISSN: | 1991-9603 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017 |
| Popis: | The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. This paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the PMIP4-CMIP6 past1000 simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. The past1000 simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 Common Era (CE) to 1849 CE have to be complemented by historical simulations (1850 to 2014 CE) following the CMIP6 protocol. The external forcings for the past1000 experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. Protocols for the past1000 simulations have been divided into three tiers. A default forcing data set has been defined for the Tier 1 (the CMIP6 past1000) experiment. However, the PMIP community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated Tier 2 simulations. Additional experiments (Tier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. This paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the PMIP and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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