| Popis: |
Publisher Summary This chapter outlines about the process engineering of ceramics. This is a practical discipline, many of its procedures being based on empirical rather than strictly scientific relations. The production of advanced ceramics involves more processing steps and in each step, a large variety of methods is possible. Advanced ceramics are typically produced on a small scale, expensive raw materials often being used so as to achieve improved properties and constant quality. A prerequisite for a successful ceramics process is the availability of high-quality raw materials. Milling and mixing are generally carried out in a single operation. Prefiring is an essential step in powder processing, being used to ensure good sintering during the firing operation. Second milling needs to be more effective than first milling because of the hardness of the prefired particles. Advanced ceramic powders show no plasticity, and organic binders have to be added to provide plasticity during forming and green strength of the formed product. As a result of variations in shrinkage, the mechanical dimensions of fired products show a tolerance of about 0.5%–2%. An important technique applied in the electrical and electronics industries is glass bonding for joining ceramics to ceramics or ceramics to metals. |
