| Popis: |
Intravenous urography (IVU) prior to or following diagnostic cystoscopy is commonly performed early in the evaluation of a bladder neoplasm, and is considered a basic imaging study in patients with a suspected bladder neoplasm. The rationale for the use of IVU is to exclude upper tract disease. A diagnosis of multicentric synchronous neoplasm is of major importance since it will change patient management. Urothelial neoplasms of the upper tract are expected in up to 4% of patients with bladder cancer (Yousem et al. 1988). Even in the era of cross-sectional techniques, IVU is the most sensitive method of detecting subtle occult upper urinary tract urothelial lesions (Fig. 6.1). |
