Switching the hydrophobic Neyveli lignite into hydrophilic type by surface modification and its subsequent use for removing Cr(VI)/F− from artificial pollutant
| Autor: | S. Parani Bramma Nayagi, B. Thangagiri, Kadarkaraithangam Jeyasubramanian, N. Krishnamurthy, A. Sakthivel, R. Saravana Sathiya Prabhahar, J. Dhaveethu Raja |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Pollutant
chemistry.chemical_classification business.industry Chemistry Depolymerization 020209 energy General Chemical Engineering Organic Chemistry Energy Engineering and Power Technology 02 engineering and technology complex mixtures chemistry.chemical_compound Fuel Technology Adsorption 020401 chemical engineering Chemical engineering 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Surface modification Phenol Coal 0204 chemical engineering business Fluoride Alkyl |
| Zdroj: | Fuel. 298:120787 |
| ISSN: | 0016-2361 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120787 |
| Popis: | Herein, we report the utilization of non-wettable type brown coal (lignite) derived from Neyveli mines, India, for the effective removal of Cr(VI) from the artificial pollutant after structural modification. Water hating property (hydrophobic) of coal is unsuitable for many applications and so it is chemically converted into wettable type by means of depolymerization and Friedel Craft’s alkylation. On refluxing the powdered coal with phenol and subsequent steam distillation it exhibits hydrophilic nature owing to the fragmentation and the attachment of phenoxy/alkyl groups. All the chemically modified coal samples have been characterized through FTIR, FE-SEM, XPS etc. FTIR spectra have revealed the inclusion of –OC6H5¸ –OCH3, –OCOCH3 groups on the coal sample. FE-SEM images have confirmed the disintegration of platelet structure of raw lignite into fragmented sample. The wettable tendency was evolved from the sink test which has revealed that the raw lignite is difficult to settle, whereas the depolymerized and cross linked lignite wets easily and settles in a short span of time. Easy-to- wet coal obtained has been able to remove the heavy metal like Cr(VI) from the artificial pollutant. Further, the coal collected after Trial-1 has been reactivated by treating with 0.1 N HCl and the subsequent utilization as adsorbent also has been able to remove 95% of Cr(VI) from the pollutant. Furthermore, the surface modified coal samples are also able to remove the fluoride ion from the pollutant. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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