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Copyrolysis of heavy shale oil with polyethylene (PE) waste in autoclaves at various temperatures and times has been studied. It is shown that the copyrolysis improves the quality of the oil obtained and gives possibility to transform the wastes into liquid fuels. The copyrolysis of heavy oil and PE in the ratio 1:1 increases the percentage of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the oil more than six times, decreases the percentage of heteroatomic compounds more than twice, and decreases substantially viscosity of the oil. The copyrolysis oil of heavy shale oil with PE has a good compatibility at any ratios of the components. It is revealed that the Estonian Dictyonema shale (D) acts as commercial Al-Co-Mo and Akzo Nobel (Mo + S) catalysts, prevailing the latter by cracking ability accompanied by a higher unsaturation degree (iodine number) of the oil. So, the copyrolysis oil requires hydrogenation. As the pyrolysis of heavy oil yields much coke and gas under the optimum temperature for PE destruction (450 °C), a two-stage pyrolysis is proposed. In the first stage the destruction of single PE is carried out at 450 °C. In the second stage the PE oil obtained is added to the heavy oil, and their copyrolysis is carried out with 5% of D as catalyst under the hydrogen atmosphere. |
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