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Neuroblastoma is a type of malignant solid tumors in the sympathetic nervous system, which has unknown etiology until now. Also, in the childhood, it is the most frequently encountered cancer after central nervous system tumors [1]. For the treatment of neuroblastoma, chemotherapy drugs are often used and they provide a reduction of the tumor size or partial recession. However, the results are not stable, because after the treatment, the cancer could relapse [3]. Likewise, it is known that many chemotherapy agents, such as Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, and Carboplatin have many side effects, e.g., hematuria, infertility, etc. At the same time, they could damage heart, and affect hearing and kidneys [4]. Considering all treatment strategies for neuroblastoma, there is a need for alternative drugs. Oleandrin, is a molecule that is a group of cardiac glycosides and derived from Nerium oleander (Oleander). It is shown that low concentrations of Oleandrin selectively kills tumor cells [5,6,7], reduces the side effects of chemotherapy and strengthens the immune system [8]. In vitro testing a drug in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems is more effective than monolayer, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems. Because, 3D systems simulate pathological conditions and mimick human tissue micro-environment much closely in vitro. Additionally, the drug can diffuse across multi-layers of cells to reach the target area inside and/or around of a 3D micro tissue [9]. In this study, we performed a comparative study on cytotoxic effects of Oleandrin in 2D and 3D in vitro models of human neuroblastoma using SH-SY5Y cell line. All results indicate that Oleandrin has a strong anti-proliferative effect on SH-SY5Y cell line/micro tissues and it is an alternative anti-cancer drug for the treatment of neuroblastoma. References [1] Brodeur, G. M. (2003), Nat Rev Cancer; 3(3):203-16. [2] Bansal, D. et al. (2008), Indian Pediatrics,45, 135-139. [3] American Cancer Society, (2014), Neuroblastoma, 50. [4] Newman, R. A. et al. (2007), Integrative Cancer Therapies ,6(4), 354-364. [5] Prassas, I. and Diamandis, E.P. (2008), Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery; 7,926-935. [6] De Gouveia, P.C. (2010), MSc thesis. [7] Fiebig, H.H. et al. (2007), Google Patents, WO 2007073785 A1. [8] Choudhury D. et al. (2011), Biomicrofluidics; 5(2): 022203 |
