| Popis: |
This chapter explores the various representations of Europe found in English and other languages. Euroscepticism is taken into account, and the waning of the French ideal of Europe is contrasted with the relative indifference or antipathy for Europe expressed by various English authors over the centuries. In addition to the corpus-based research, this chapter aims to outline the way attitudes to Europe are tied up in metaphorical narratives of Europe as an unstable building or sinking ship. Attacks on Europe in the English press are considered and contrasted with the press of other European nations. As the Brexit crisis continues, the authors explain the way the French President, Emmanuel Macron, positions himself in the face of rising Euroscepticism in France and the threat of the Far Right, hostile to the European Union. In contrast to this, Scottish and American authors who love and celebrate Europe are quoted. The authors consider the idealism that has often focused on Europe with a broad long-term perspective, quoting French authors such as Victor Hugo and Charles de Gaulle. American ambivalence concerning Europe as both an ally and a rival is taken into account, but the authors choose to focus on the American Sociologist, Jeremy Rifkin, who affirms that the American Dream is less suited to the 21st century than ‘the European Dream’. Europe is thus considered from within and from without. From within, the Europa website is studied to explain how Europe presents itself to the citizens of the Member States. In the Chinese section, the authors outline the way Chinese authors weigh up Europe as one of the possible models of Westernization, stressing the way Europe has created a sustainable multi-nation, multilingual economic and social zone. In the context of the European migration crisis, Brexit crisis, and other difficulties closely followed by the Chinese press, the authors contend that the Chinese Dream is positioning itself as an ideal in relation to Westernization and Europeanization as possible policies. The complex and changing attitudes of the Chinese to Europe as a colonial power, as a rival, and as a trading partner are considered in order to show what China understands by Europe, and what kind of mirror it holds up to Europeans from the Chinese perspective. |
