| Popis: |
Melatonin is a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland. Its precursor is the exogenous amino acid L-tryptophan. The basic function of this hormone is the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms. As an amphiphilic molecule, melatonin can easily cross biological barriers, which is why its effects can be exerted through a variety of mechanisms. Both in experimental and clinical studies, the cardioprotective effect of melatonin has been demonstrated. Melatonin also plays a role in the regulation of the immune response. In addition, it is particularly effective in inactivating hydroxyl radicals, including the most reactive oxygen radical. Melatonin can inhibit the division of tumor cells by affecting the release of other hormones and substances involved in the process of carcinogenesis. It also limits the process of nerve cell death and adverse changes in the nervous system associated with the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Melatonin is on the list of OTC preparations (over the counter), medicines available at the pharmacy without a prescription. This paper presents the biosynthesis of melatonin and its metabolism and discusses its physiological and clinical significance in the human body. |
