60-GHz 64- and 256-Elements Wafer-Scale Phased-Array Transmitters Using Full-Reticle and Subreticle Stitching Techniques
| Autor: | Sanjay Raman, Ozan Dogan Gurbuz, Samet Zihir, Arjun Kar-Roy, Gabriel M. Rebeiz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Engineering
Radiation business.industry Phased array Amplifier 020208 electrical & electronic engineering Electrical engineering 020206 networking & telecommunications 02 engineering and technology STRIPS Condensed Matter Physics Directivity law.invention Beamwidth Optics law 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Reticle Radio frequency Electrical and Electronic Engineering Equivalent isotropically radiated power business |
| Zdroj: | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 64:4701-4719 |
| ISSN: | 1557-9670 0018-9480 |
| Popis: | This paper presents 60-GHz wafer-scale transmit phased arrays with 64- and 256-elements spaced $\lambda $ /2 apart in the $x$ - and $y$ -directions, and occupying an area of 21.4 $\times $ 22 mm2 (471 mm2) and 41.4 $\times $ 42 mm2 (1740 mm2), respectively. The 64-element phased array is built as a complete reticle and includes 64 independent transmit channels with 5-b phase control, 3-b (9 dB) amplitude control, a saturated output power of 3 dBm at the antenna port, a 1–64 distribution network with redundant line amplifiers, and a high-efficiency on-chip antenna at each element. In addition, redundant serial digital interface and power strips, dual series metal–insulator–metal capacitors, and multiple RF inputs are employed for improved yield. The 256-element array uses the same phased-array blocks as the 64-element design, but is built using a subreticle stitching technique so as to result in a chip which is larger than the standard reticle size (22 $\times $ 22 mm2). The 64- and 256-element arrays result in a half-power beamwidth of 12° and 6° in the $E$ - and $H$ -planes, a directivity of 23 and 29 dB, respectively, and scan to ±55° in the $E$ - and $H$ -planes with near-ideal patterns and a cross-polarization level of lesser than −30 dB. The measured equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of the 64-element array is 38 dBm at 62 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 61–63 GHz, while that of the 256-element array is 45 dBm at 61 GHz with a 3-dB beamwidth of 58–64 GHz. A 1–4-Gb/s communication system is also demonstrated using the 64-element phased array up to ±45° scan angles, and at 4-, 30-, and 100-m ranges. To the best of our knowledge, this paper represents the first demonstration of large size (64- and 256-element) phased-array transmitters on a single wafer. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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