Cancer and non-cancer health risks from carcinogenic heavy metal exposures in underground water from Kilimambogo, Kenya
| Autor: | Shinji Tokonami, C Nyambura, M. W. Chege, Felix Wanjala Omonya, N. O. Hashim |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Water table 0208 environmental biotechnology Geography Planning and Development Non cancer Heavy metals 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences 020801 environmental engineering law.invention Metal law visual_art Environmental chemistry visual_art.visual_art_medium Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Atomic absorption spectroscopy Health implications Groundwater Carcinogen 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology |
| Zdroj: | Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 10:100315 |
| ISSN: | 2352-801X |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100315 |
| Popis: | Water is very crucial for man, animals and plants because of its health implications in case it is polluted. Water has many uses like drinking for man and animals, domestic use and for agricultural use. The concentration levels of Cd, Ni and Pb in borehole water of Kilimambogo region were measured using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). pH was measured on site using a digital pH standard meter. The use of fertilizers and chemicals from the neighboring small scale farms and the large pineapple farms could easily contaminate the water table. The mean heavy metal concentration for Cd, Ni and Pb were found to be 6.4, 6.9 and 42.0 ppm respectively. The mean hazard quotients (HQ) were 26.2, 1.4 and 57.0.for adults and 12.9, 0.69 and 27.9 for children for the corresponding elements. The mean carcinogenic risks for Cd, Ni and Pb were 4.9 × 10−2, 1.2 × 10−2 and 7.3 × 10−3 for adults and 1.1 × 10−2, 2.8 × 10−2 and 1.6 × 10−3 for children respectively. The mean metal pollution index (MPI) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) were 10 and 934, higher than the set critical threshold value of 100. Therefore, the borehole sources are enriched with heavy metals and should be periodically monitored. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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